2026

The State of AI in Accounting & Bookkeeping 2026

We surveyed 486 accounting and bookkeeping professionals across North America—and the data shows an undeniable gap between AI implementation and impact.

486

firms surveyed

95 %

are already using or exploring AI

20 %

have logged measurable ROI

90 %

have no written AI policy

Introduction

In most small firms, the AI adoption story reads less like a tidy case study and more like a messy diary.

There’s no AI steering committee. No pilot program with clearly defined success criteria. No fancy change-management consultant. Instead, leadership probably said something like, “Hey, I think we should be using this…” And then everybody went off and figured it out on their own, one Claude chat at a time.

In some ways, that approach actually worked. Nearly every firm we surveyed is now somewhere on the AI adoption curve. Only 5% are still sitting it out entirely. And in the grand scheme of things, that is a staggering rate of change for a profession that still raves about how much they love spreadsheets.

The semi-shocking other side of the coin: Only 1 in 5 firms can point to a measurable return on their AI investment. (Though about half say the value of AI appears promising; they just can’t quantify it yet.)

And the single biggest thing standing between accounting firms and true ROI isn’t cost, or fear, or access to the technology itself. It’s that nobody has an hour to spare. 😅

If that sounds familiar, then you’re in good company. And we’re here to help.

We believe the path to improvement starts with education. So, to get a better understanding of where the industry actually stands with AI in accounting, we surveyed 486 bookkeeping and accounting professionals about:

  • How far along they really are,
  • What they’re using AI for (and what they aren’t),
  • Whether any of it is paying off, and
  • What they think it all means for the future of the profession.

What follows is an unfiltered look at the state of AI in small and growing accounting firms: the adoption landscape, the ambiguity around impact, and the clear need for better infrastructure.

Survey Methodology

Respondents: 486 bookkeeping and accounting professionals across North America
Firm Size: 68% work at firms with 2–30 employees; 27% are solo practitioners
Roles: 68% owners and partners; 19% service line leaders; 6% admins; 5% operations leaders

Data collection:

Online survey conducted by Financial Cents from July 15–August 7, 2026

Median completion time = 10 minutes

A quick note on how to read the numbers: Respondents whose firms aren’t using AI were routed past the questions about AI usage. As a result, our findings are split into two categories:
  • Data on the profession as a whole (i.e., adoption stage, barriers, hopes, worries, predictions, etc.) based on answers from all 486 respondents. (This is the Full Base.)
  • Data about hands-on use (i.e., tools, tasks, time saved, ROI, policy, governance, etc.) based on answers from the ~380 respondents at firms already using AI. (This is the AI-Active Base.)
Each chart in this report is labeled with its base.
Section 1

Who Responded: A Quick Look at the Firms Behind the Data

Before we get into the good stuff, let’s meet the people behind the numbers. (Spoiler: They probably look a lot like you. 😉)

What’s your role at the firm?

Full Base

Firm Owner / Partner
48%
Solo Owner–Operator
16%
Staff Accountant / Bookkeeper
7%
Senior Bookkeeper / Manager
6%
Office Manager / Firm Administrator
5%
Managing Partner / Firm Principal
4%
Senior Accountant / Accounting Manager
4%
Operations Manager / Director of Ops
4%
Tax Manager / Senior Tax Preparer
2%
Other roles
5%

How many people work at your firm?

Full Base

Solo
27%
2–5 people
40%
6–10 people
18%
11–20 people
10%
21–30 people
2%
31+ people
4%

How many years have you worked in the profession?

Full Base

11%12%16%24%37%
  • < 2 years — 11%
  • 2–5 years — 12%
  • 6–10 years — 16%
  • 11–20 years — 24%
  • 20+ years — 37%

Which services does your firm offer? (Select all that apply)

Full Base

Bookkeeping94%
Payroll71%
CAAS/
Fractional CFO
60%
Tax Prep &
Filing
58%
Tax Planning &
Advisory
52%
Software
Implementation
41%
Audit &
Assurance
15%

Survey Base Snapshot

68 %

are owners or partners

68 %

work in firms of 2–30 people

61 %

have 11+ years’ experience

Two-thirds of respondents are firm owners, and 3 in 5 have worked in accounting for more than a decade.

💡 Insight for Firm Owners: When you own the business and personally carry the liability that comes with new technology, “cautious” isn’t the same thing as “behind.” The skepticism you’ll see throughout this report isn’t so much technophobia as it is simply professional judgment doing its job.
Section 2

Where Accounting Firms Fall on the AI Adoption Curve

How far along is the accounting profession, really? Further than you might guess, but not quite as far as the headlines suggest. Here’s a detailed picture of industry-wide AI adoption.

Where would you put your firm on the AI adoption curve?

Running – AI is embedded in daily workflows across much of the firm
11%
Walking – AI is used regularly by part of the team for defined tasks
36%
Crawling – A few people use AI informally for occasional tasks
31%
Exploring – We’re researching or piloting AI, but it’s not yet used in daily work
17%
Not using AI – and no current plans to start
5%

95% of firms have adopted AI in some capacity, but only 11% are “running” with it.

What’s the biggest barrier to getting more value from AI at your firm?

Base: Non-Active AI Users

26%Accuracy /
trust in outputs
22%Data security
& client confidentiality
17%Don’t know
where to start
11%No time to
learn or implement
6%Leadership
isn’t convinced
6%Regulatory
uncertainty
3%Cost

Cost is the least common reason firms haven’t gotten started with AI, coming in dead last at 3%. Instead, the two biggest blockers for non-users are trust and security. Overwhelm plays a role as well, with a combined 28% saying they either don’t know where to start or don’t have time to learn/implement the technology.

💡 Insight for Firm Owners: Firm size has little to do with AI adoption progress. Case in point: 10% of solo practitioners are “running,” and 9% of firms with 11–20 people are also “running.” That’s good news for owner-operators who fear being left behind by their potentially better-resourced peers.

Straight from the Source: What’s Holding Us Back

Surveytakers explain, in their own words, what’s keeping them from getting more out of AI.

Things are evolving SO FAST that it is almost impossible to keep up. It would be a full-time job.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
Usually, if I have a task that I think can be improved by AI, I will try and do it with AI first. So usually 1–2 times a day I will do a task with AI, and some tasks are still not possible.
— Senior bookkeeper, 6–10 person firm
I wish I had more time for evaluation and that there was a resource on how to implement AI in specific scenarios.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
Need to learn more and implement more soon in order to keep up.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
In Canada, the CPA regulatory bodies are resistant to AI adoption, so I’m waiting for clear guidelines.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
Section 3

How Firms Are Actually Using AI

This section surprised us the most, and we think it’ll surprise you too. The way accounting professionals actually use AI doesn’t line up with the hype (or with where the biggest efficiency gains are supposed to be).

Which AI tools does your firm use? (Select all that apply)

AI-Active Base

General assistants (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Copilot, etc.)
96%
Meeting notetakers / transcription
62%
AI features inside the GL (QuickBooks, Xero, etc.)
58%
Client communication / email drafting tools
56%
Document & receipt extraction / OCR
38%
AI features inside practice management software
37%
AI tax research tools
32%
Dedicated AI bookkeeping & automation tools
20%

Nearly every firm using AI has adopted a general-purpose chatbot.
Only 1 in 5 are using a tool built for bookkeeping.

General-purpose assistants dominate current AI use, but firms are also beginning to adopt AI inside the systems where work already happens. Financial Cents’ AI features for accounting firms support workflow creation, client communication, file validation, and file naming inside the practice management platform.

Which tasks are you personally using AI for?

AI-Active Base

Drafting client emails & communication
75%
Summarizing documents or meetings
71%
Research & answering technical questions
69%
Internal process documentation & SOPs
49%
Data entry / document extraction
47%
Tax research
45%
Marketing / content / proposals
44%
Transaction categorization / coding
42%
Financial reporting & commentary
40%
Advisory / forecasting / scenario analysis
39%
Bank reconciliation
24%
Tax return preparation
9%

The top 3 uses are all related to communication and research. Bank reconciliation and tax return prep sit at the bottom of the list.

Furthermore, 24% of AI users aren’t using AI for any core accounting tasks. Instead, they are leveraging AI exclusively for comms drafting, data summarization, research, documentation, and marketing.

💡 Insight for Firm Owners: If 96% of your team’s AI work is happening in a general-purpose chatbot, then it’s happening outside of the systems you use to run the firm (e.g., your accounting workflow software, document management platform, or any system that provides an audit trail). This creates risk, especially if you don’t have a documented AI policy that everyone in your firm must follow.
💡 Insight for Service Line Leaders: If you’ve been bracing for AI to come for your most technical work, the data says that isn’t happening. Instead, AI is largely absorbing nonbillable tasks like emails, meeting recaps, and tax code research. Reconciliations, returns, and judgment calls are still yours to own.

Straight from the Source: The Most Valuable Thing AI Does for Us

Surveytakers explain how AI benefits them the most.

Turn PDF bank statements into usable CSV files.
— Solo owner-operator, solo firm
Automate manual processes that don’t directly add to client value.
— Managing partner, 2–5 person firm
In the same amount of time, provide better service.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
Work more projects in less time. However, the key is you still have to understand the accounting concepts and double-check the work.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
Catch errors before they reach a client deliverable—through mandatory verification of every AI-produced figure against source, backed by a human review gate.
— Operations manager, 6–10 person firm
It helps us check our work for accuracy, which is very important in the tax/accounting world.
— Tax manager, 6–10 person firm
Section 4

The Payoff Problem

Okay, so (almost) everyone in accounting is using AI. But is it actually working?

Sort of? Maybe? Let’s just say most folks aren’t seeing any earth-shattering results quite yet.

Roughly how much time does AI save you personally each week?

AI-Active Base

Time AI saves per week
None yet
7%
Under 1 hr
18%
1–3 hrs
37%
4–6 hrs
17%
7–10 hrs
6%
10+ hrs
9%
Hard to say
13%

More than half of AI users save 3 hours a week or less. Only 15% save 7 hours or more.

Has your firm seen a clear return on its AI investment?

AI-Active Base

Somewhat; it’s promising but hard to quantify
52%
Still in implementation / too early to tell
25%
Yes, we have seen clear, measurable ROI
20%
No, it hasn’t paid off
4%

Only 4% of adopters say AI hasn’t paid off. But only 20% can prove it has.

The dominant ROI experience is one of ambiguity, not disappointment. (Which is arguably worse, because at least you can act on disappointment.)

The Key to Unlocking ROI = Deepening Adoption

When we looked at differences in measurable ROI and time savings by adoption stage, a clear pattern emerged.

Crawling (n=142)Walking (n=168)Running (n=52)
4%
24%
56%
Report clear, measurable ROI
3%
16%
52%
Save 7+ hours per week
15%
39%
64%
Are “very optimistic” about AI
9%
27%
50%
Say agentic AI is already doing meaningful work at their firm

Firms that are “running” with AI across the whole organization are more than 15 times as likely to report measurable ROI as firms where a few people dabble. That means adoption alone isn’t enough to reap the full rewards of AI. You have to commit to leveraging it to the fullest first.

That doesn’t happen on its own. To move beyond the “crawling” stage, you must be intentional about weaving AI into your operations. Informal, optional, individual AI use isn’t enough to produce a measurable return.

2 Keys to Achieving Measurable ROI

1. Structured skill-building: 27% of firms that are doing formal training, designating an internal champion, or using vendor training report clear ROI, compared to 12% of firms that aren’t.

2. A written AI policy: 35% of firms with a formal documented AI policy report clear ROI, compared to 14% of firms with no policy and no plans to create one.

💡 Insight for Operations Leaders We asked ops leaders point-blank how they measure whether AI is improving operations. Most didn’t have a definitive answer. One described tracking per-run review outcomes and keeping an incident log of caught errors, then added: “We don’t yet have aggregate throughput or error-rate metrics—that would be a natural next step if the firm wants a harder measurement layer.” (Operations manager, 6–10 person firm) Another said: “I do not have a specific metric, but much more gets done in a shorter amount of time.” (Operations manager, 6–10 person firm) A third added: “Still learning how to measure, but it is adding another layer of review and speeding up some tasks.” (Operations manager, 2–5 person firm) The 52% of respondents who say AI is “promising but hard to quantify” aren’t necessarily dodging the question. It’s just that many of their firms haven’t built in the proper mechanisms for measurement. As an ops leader, that’s one of the highest-leverage priorities on your list (definitely higher than purchasing another tool).
💡 Insight for Firm Owners One leader offered this super-practical recommendation for tracking ROI: “Have your team answer these simple questions and start compiling a list…’I wish I could…’ and ‘I wish I didn’t have to…’ and ‘I wish this didn’t take so long…’ These are the ideas that you can rate as far as IMPACT (what dollar value/time value would they save if implemented) and EASE (how easy would it be to find a solution for that). Then find the ones that are easiest and would make the biggest impact. This is your easiest way to measure ROI.” (Managing partner, 6–10 person firm)
Section 5

The Trust Ceiling

Here’s where things get interesting. Underneath all the noise, accountants and bookkeepers have arrived at a fairly consistent position on AI, and it’s probably not as negative as you think.

Overall, how do you feel about AI’s role in the profession?

AI-Active Base

33%39%18%6%3%
  • Very optimistic — 33%
  • Cautiously optimistic — 39%
  • Mixed / neutral — 18%
  • Somewhat concerned — 6%
  • Very concerned — 3%

Over 7 in 10 accounting professionals are optimistic about AI, while less than 1 in 10 are concerned. Whatever’s slowing down adoption, it isn’t dread.

How much do you agree with each statement?

AI-Active Base

Captured using a 5-point scale (here, “agree” combines “agree” and “strongly agree,” and “disagree” combines “disagree” and “strongly disagree”)

AgreeNeutralDisagree
Human judgment matters more, not less, as AI spreads
90%8%2%
AI makes my work more enjoyable
55%36%9%
AI lets our firm serve more clients without adding headcount
52%32%16%
AI is shifting our firm from compliance work toward advisory
35%34%31%
I worry AI could reduce the need for roles like mine
20%20%60%
I trust AI output enough to use it with limited review
19%29%52%
Our clients increasingly expect us to use AI
18%31%52%

3 Key Takeaways on AI Sentiment

1. 90% agree human judgment matters more, not less, with the advent of AI. This is the most agreed-upon statement in the entire survey, with a near-unanimous vote across every role, firm size, and adoption stage. If the profession has a shared consensus about AI, this is it.

2. Only 19% trust AI enough to use it with limited review. This is even true for firms describing their adoption stage as “running” across the whole organization. Human review is not seen as something firms will eventually grow out of. Rather, it is part of the design itself.

3. Only 18% say clients expect them to use AI. Firms are not being pushed into AI by their clients. They’re choosing it for themselves. This lack of external pressure is a good thing, because it means firms still get to decide what “good” looks like before the market decides for them.

⚠️ A Surprising Survey Finding You might expect veteran practitioners to be more skeptical of AI output than newer professionals, but that’s not what the data shows. Trust in AI output is essentially flat across experience levels, from professionals with under two years in the field to those with 20+ years. What does vary by tenure is job anxiety: 34% of professionals with less than two years of experience worry AI could reduce the need for their role, compared with 13% of those with 11–20 years and 16% of those with 20+. Those who are the newest to the profession are the most worried about getting replaced.
💡 Insight for Service Line Leaders Of all the roles surveyed, service line leaders are the most worried about AI: 22% are concerned about AI’s role in the profession, compared with 7% of owners. Additionally, only 17% are very optimistic, versus 37% of owners. They also point to trust and accuracy as their biggest adoption barrier at 32%, nearly double the 18% of owners who say the same. All of that being said, concern doesn’t necessarily equate to resistance. The people closest to the technical work see the failure modes most clearly. That makes them a firm’s best output reviewers and tool evaluators.

Straight from the Source: What Worries Us Most

We asked surveytakers what worries them most about AI in the accounting profession, and we received 463 unique freeform answers. Coded across all of them, the dominant themes were:

Accuracy & confident-wrongness
38%
Data security & confidentiality
19%
Job displacement
14%
Over-reliance that erodes critical thinking
13%

Here’s a sampling of what respondents said about why they’re staying AI-cautious.

AI can produce answers that sound extremely confident, but confidence doesn’t always equal accuracy.
— Firm owner, 11–20 person firm
Just because it confidently did the task correctly one time doesn’t mean it won’t do it confidently wrong the next.
— Solo owner-operator, solo firm
The key thing to never forget: the liability always stays with the human.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
Lack of critical thinking. Equivalent of, ‘If your GPS tells you to drive into a lake, do you drive into the lake?’ Just because your GPS is on does not mean that you shut your brain off.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
It’s the difference between just using a calculator to get an answer and understanding how the calculator came up with the answer in the first place. How can you verify if something is right (or wrong) if you don’t understand the basics of the concepts?
— Operations manager, 6–10 person firm
I’m worried that if AI is wrong, there is nobody to hold accountable for the mistake that it made.
— Firm owner, solo firm
People tend to blindly trust it without verifying the output is correct.
— Staff accountant, 2–5 person firm
I use it to make me more efficient, not replace me.
— Operations manager, 11–20 person firm

Who will train the next generation?

Roughly 5% of the responses about AI worries spoke to a common concern: AI is absorbing the work that junior staff used to learn on. (Things like transaction coding, data entry, and tedious first passes.)

I worry that giving the day-to-day coding of transactions or more tedious work to AI means there are less entry-level positions and no one will be able to learn the basics. This would create a large gap between legacy professionals and new professionals who don’t have the same solid foundation.
— Senior accountant, 6–10 person firm
It feels like AI will reduce/eliminate staff level work. My concern is that a how I learned my job was a staff level in the trenches. I worry those following me won’t be ready. It’s a BIG step up.
— Firm owner, solo firm
There needs to be better accounting and tax knowledge transfer in order for lower level staff to enter and be proper experience to oversee AI.
— Tax manager, 11–20 person firm

One owner with more than 20 years in the profession drew the line straight back to their own training:

Making sure we do not lose the entry-level pipeline. Working with all my AI vendors to make tools available to students so they will learn how to supervise while they are getting training/experience in the doing—just like I learned on green ledger paper during the ’80s when computerization was making transaction entry “automated.” I still use T-accounts to map my journal entries and adjustments to make sure my computer is correct!
— Firm owner, solo firm

This concern grows even more troublesome considering that 90% of the profession says human judgment matters more as AI spreads, and 19% trust AI output without close review. Both of those positions depend on having people who know enough to catch the mistakes, and the traditional way people developed that ability is through the exact work many firms are offloading first.

Section 6

The Governance Gap

Time for the uncomfortable section. Deep breath. 😬

Does your firm have a written AI policy or other internal usage guidelines?

AI-Active Base

13%12%18%29%23%5%
  • Yes, we have a formal, documented policy — 13%
  • We have informal guidelines / verbal norms — 12%
  • We’re in the process of developing this — 18%
  • No, but we plan to — 29%
  • No, and we don’t have any current plans to — 23%
  • Not sure — 5%

Of the 350+ firms actively using AI, 87% have no formal written AI policy, and 23% have no plans to create one. That means 9 in 10 firms are putting client work through AI tools with no documented rules about what can and can’t be entered.

This is a particularly concerning problem for the industry’s smallest firms: 37% of solo practitioners have no policy and no plans to create one. Solo owners are exposed twice: no documented rules, and nobody else to catch any issues.

💡 Insight for Firm Owners Before you bury “write an AI policy” at the bottom of your long list of compliance chores, remember that a written policy is the single strongest correlate with measurable ROI in this entire dataset. Firms with a formal documented policy report clear ROI at a rate of 35%; firms with no policy and no plans to create one only report ROI at a rate of 14%. That’s probably not because the document itself creates value, but because writing it forces a conversation around what tools get approved, what data can go in them, and who reviews what. That conversation is how a firm goes from “some people are experimenting with AI” to “this is how we work with AI.” Accountability begets measurement.

So how are firms handling client data?

We asked this as an open question and got 359 answers. Coded across all of them, six patterns emerged.

Never put client data into AI at all
16%
Redact, anonymize, or strip identifiers first
14%
Vendor-level controls (business plans, SOC 2, no-training-data clauses)
9%
Written policy or internal guidelines
6%
Client consent, disclosure, or engagement letter language
3%
No process yet, unsure, or nothing
15%

Straight from the Source: How We Handle Client Data

If you’re building an AI policy from scratch, this is a great source of inspo.

I treat AI as an additional service provider that must meet the same confidentiality standards as any bookkeeping platform. I use only approved business-grade tools with appropriate security, privacy, retention, and ‘no training on client data’ protections.
— Firm owner, solo firm
Treat AI as a brand-new employee that knows nothing about your business. It needs all the safeguards and limits that you give a new employee.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
We use business plans that have agreements not to save our prompts and data. When not possible we redact information before feeding into AI. We also have a term in all of our agreements stating the client is aware we use AI and there are inherent risks that they are okay with.
— Firm owner, solo firm
We know which clients do not wish us to use it at all. We have engagement authorities permitting use with clients. Client data is not put into open channels. Where an open channel is being used, all data is anonymized prior to use.
— Managing partner, 6–10 person firm
Nothing with client names or identifying details is ever uploaded to an external AI source.
— Solo owner-operator, solo firm
Be careful with AI recorders. [Our state] is a two-party state, meaning you need consent to record.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm

The governance gap is part of a broader technology-management problem. The 2026 Bookkeeping Firm Tech Stack Report found that many bookkeeping firms still rely on disconnected tools and manual data entry, making it harder to maintain visibility and consistent controls.

💡 Insight for Admins Admins are doing the most client-facing AI work of any role, with 21 of the 29 admins we surveyed saying email and communication drafting is what AI changed most for them. They’re also among the least likely to have been handed any written guidance about it, and they rarely get to pick the tools. If your firm creates an AI policy, your admin staff should be involved. They’re already toeing the line between efficiency and client trust.
Section 7

How Firms Are Learning AI

We’ve established that depth pays and structure helps. So why doesn’t every firm just…do that?

What’s the biggest barrier to getting more value from AI at your firm?

Full Base

Time to learn / implement
41%
Trust & accuracy concerns
21%
Data security & compliance
11%
Skills / knowledge gap
9%
Cost
6%
Choosing among too many tools
3%
Team resistance / change management
3%
Unclear ROI
2%

Across our full survey base, time is the biggest barrier to getting more value out of AI, by double. In fact, it’s more than twice as big as cost, tool overload, and team resistance combined.

Even more telling: “unclear ROI” ranks dead last at 2%. Firms aren’t holding back because they doubt AI will pay off. They believe it will. They just haven’t had enough time to prove it out.

How is your firm building AI skills? (Select all that apply.)

AI-Active Base

56%Sharing tips
informally
39%Nothing
structured yet
35%Formal training
/ courses / CPE
32%Vendor /
software-provided training
25%Internal champions or
a designated lead
4%Hiring for
AI skills

How is AI usage spreading through your firm?

AI-Active Base

52%31%13%4%
  • Top-down: leadership is driving it — 52%
  • A mix of both — 31%
  • It isn’t really spreading yet — 13%
  • Bottom-up: individuals adopting on their own — 4%

This runs counter to the standard story about AI in the workplace. In small accounting firms, AI adoption isn’t a grassroots staff movement. It’s leadership-led in more than half of firms.

💡 Insight for Firm Owners As noted in the two charts above, leadership is driving adoption in 52% of firms, yet no structured AI education or training exists in 39% of them. This is likely why so many firms have plateaued in the “Crawling” stage of adoption. Teams are dipping their toe in, but they don’t have the skills or confidence to take the full plunge. And that means firms can’t unlock the full benefits (a.k.a. ROI) of this technology. As the leader of your firm, one of your biggest priorities should be educating your team on expectations, best practices, and literacy around AI.

Straight from the Source: Advice to Firms Just Getting Started with AI

When asked what advice they would give another firm just starting out with AI, 353 survey-takers offered up their words of wisdom. The biggest themes we found across their responses:

Invest the time to learn
18%
Start small with one task
11%
Verify everything
11%
Protect client data before you scale
18%

Here’s a sampling of direct quotes about implementation best practices.

Start small and focus on solving one real problem at a time rather than trying to implement AI everywhere.
— Firm owner, 11–20 person firm
Create a basic AI policy before expanding: use approved business-grade tools, minimize confidential data, verify every output, and keep a human responsible for the final work.
— Firm owner, solo firm
Do not use AI for things you don’t know how to solve. AI is only as good as the data it is given and the question being asked.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm
Don’t be afraid to abandon it for a specific task and go back to the old way. Clients are paying you to do work they trust, not to be the most technologically advanced.
— Solo owner-operator, solo firm
Do a personal audit of your skills and weaknesses, especially the areas you procrastinate or really don’t feel effective, and then determine if AI can effectively support those areas.
— Firm owner, 6–10 person firm
Use the time AI saves to become more responsive and advisory. The goal isn’t simply to complete the same bookkeeping faster; it’s to give clients more clarity, attention, and confidence.
— Firm owner, solo firm
Section 8

Role Spotlights: Same Technology, Different Jobs

A lot of existing AI research treats each accounting firm like one unit that either adopts or doesn’t. But that’s not really how things work, especially as teams grow.

Different roles have different AI use cases, available tools, and risks. So, we created a unique set of questions for each role type—and uncovered a wide range of priorities, use cases, and anxieties.

A note on the numbers below: Some role-based groups had greater representation than others. For groups with smaller sample sizes, we have presented numbers as exact response counts rather than percentages.

8A · Firm Owners & Partners

330 respondents

As an owner, what’s your top priority for AI right now?

Capacity — doing more with the same team
43%
Service quality & client experience
31%
Staying competitive
7%
Profitability & margins
6%
Moving up-market into advisory
6%
Risk & compliance control
2%

Owners want greater capacity, not bigger margins. Profitability ranks as their fifth priority, just behind “staying competitive.” The dominant goal for owners is scaling up work without hiring more people, which lines up neatly with the 52% who agree AI lets their firm do exactly that.

The pricing conversation owners are having with themselves

An interesting clash that came through in the data: Only 4% of all respondents selected “pricing will move away from hourly billing” as the biggest change coming by 2030. But when we gave owners an open text box to talk about growth and pricing, billing methodology was one of the most common themes they referenced.

As routine work becomes more efficient, hourly pricing makes less sense because it can penalize the firm for improving its systems. I am moving toward value-based, fixed-fee packages that reflect the outcome, level of support, complexity, and responsibility involved.
— Solo owner-operator, solo firm
AI isn’t changing what I sell. It is changing how I deliver it. I don’t think AI creates a sustainable competitive advantage anymore because everyone has access to it. The advantage comes from working with a business, judgment, and execution.
— Firm owner, 6–10 person firm
We want to remain premium priced, which means we have to deliver higher-level value. People don’t want to pay for bookkeeping when AI will increasingly do that for them.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm

How AI is changing hiring and resourcing

While many owners are thinking about hiring less, others are thinking about hiring differently (with a particular emphasis on being simultaneously AI-forward and AI-skeptical).

My first thought is how I can automate before I even think about training someone. I now hire my staff with a different skill set. Yes they need to know the bookkeeping and accounting rules, but they have to embrace and be curious around technology. I need them to have a good level of doubt the computer is giving them the right answer.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm

All of that said, not every owner is on board with AI yet. And in some cases, they are actually rolling back their AI investments in order to simplify operations.

I’m not a fan of AI at all. I know as there are a lot of mistakes and prompting needed. It causes more issues than not. We’ve been actively reducing it from our firm.
— Firm owner, 2–5 person firm

8B · Service Line Leaders

92 respondents (senior accountants, senior bookkeepers, tax and advisory leads, and staff accountants)

In your service line, how do you use AI relative to your own review?

41%23%17%14%5%
  • Mainly to research / sanity-check my own work — 41%
  • AI generates drafts, and I review everything closely — 23%
  • I rely on it for ideas, but I do the work myself — 17%
  • I don’t use it in my service line yet — 14%
  • AI handles routine work, and I spot-check — 5%

Just 5% of service line leaders let AI handle routine work
with nothing more than a spot-check.

For service line leaders, the dominant approach to AI is using it as a second set of eyes rather than relying on it for the first pass. Combine that with the 22% who are actively concerned about AI in the profession and the 32% who cited trust and accuracy as their biggest adoption barrier, and a coherent picture comes into focus: the people doing the technical work of accounting think of AI mainly as an assistant requiring close oversight.

How service line leaders are leaning on AI as a support

I use it as a support tool for work more efficiently, while I still review and verify the information before applying it in client work.
— Senior bookkeeper, 2–5 person firm
I use it to help with transaction categorization in QuickBooks Online. If I meet with a challenge or something new to me, I will often use AI to help become more knowledgeable.
— Senior bookkeeper, 2–5 person firm
I usually use ChatGPT to help me think something through when I need to bounce ideas off someone else.
— Senior accountant, 6–10 person firm

8C · Operations & Practice Leaders

23 respondents

Of the 23 operations leaders we surveyed, 17 named standardizing processes and SOPs as the place where AI is having the biggest operational impact, and 16 named workflow and job management. Far lower on the list: 12 named tool and tech-stack decisions.

How AI is fundamentally changing ops work in accounting firms

Honestly, it’s flipped my whole job. I used to be heads-down doing the actual review work—categorizing, reconciling, digging through documents. Now AI does the first pass, and I’m the person who built the system that does that pass, and my job is making sure it’s not lying to me. It’s not ‘set it and forget it.’ It’s more ‘trust but verify,’ always. Less grunt work, more judgment calls.
— Operations manager, 6–10 person firm
I have a billing rundown every day that tells me what needs to be billed or followed up on, and a follow-up digest at the end of the day that loops back through all of the outstanding requests. I have a notebook, but my notebook doesn’t remind me in an hour. I use it to make me more efficient, not replace me.
— Operations manager, 11–20 person firm
💡 Insight for Operations Leaders Ops roles are shifting from doing the work to designing and auditing the systems that do the first pass. This is a different role requiring different skills (e.g., systems thinking, error detection, and process design), and most people aren’t receiving any formal training to help them grow into it. (Remember, of all the firms in this survey, 39% have nothing structured in place to help build staff AI skills.)

8D · Admins & Firm Administrators

29 respondents

Of the 29 admin folks we surveyed, 21 said email and communication drafting is what AI changed most for them. Beyond that, 14 named meeting notes and follow-ups, and 12 each named document collection and reporting or data pulls.

How admins are streamlining client communication and data collection with AI

Fine-tuning engagement letters, welcome letters/emails, templates that involve communicating with clients.
— Firm administrator, 2–5 person firm
Text and email responses. Now they are generated for me.
— Firm administrator, 2–5 person firm
AI has helped with data pulls for credit cards and bank accounts that do not have a feed in Xero.
— Firm administrator, 2–5 person firm

On the other end of the spectrum, admins were also the most likely role to push back on AI use, largely due to concerns over client data security.

Nothing. AI is largely inefficient, and client data is too sensitive to be entering into an anonymized AI platform that has been known to spit out people’s sensitive data to other unknown users.
— Administrative assistant, 2–5 person firm
There is nothing that used to eat up my day that AI now handles.
— Firm administrator, 2–5 person firm
Section 9

What Comes Next

We ended the survey by asking people to look up from their desks and look forward to the AI-supported future. Two things stood out: the timeline is shorter than most firms are planning for, and the skills people expect to matter might not be the ones you’d guess.

When will agentic AI be doing meaningful firm work?

Full Base

(“Agentic” = tools that take actions on their own, not just generate output.)

20%It already is
18%Within 1 year
29%1–3 years
10%3–5 years
4%5+ years
11%Never / not in
our firm
8%Not sure what
this means

Two-thirds of accounting professionals expect agentic AI to be doing meaningful work in their firms within 3 years.

1 in 5 say it already is.

Now, going back to our “Crawling,” “Walking,” and “Running” groups, half of those who are “Running” say agentic AI is already doing meaningful work at their firm (compared to only 9% of those who are “Crawling”).

Additionally, 8% of respondents told us they don’t know what “agentic” means, suggesting that the vocabulary is a bit ahead of the profession.

What’s the biggest way AI changes accounting firms by 2030?

Full Base

34%20%18%17%4%4%
  • Most compliance / bookkeeping work will be fully automated — 34%
  • Smaller teams will be serving far more clients — 20%
  • New roles will emerge (AI oversight, data management, prompt design) — 18%
  • Firms will shift primarily to advisory & strategy work — 17%
  • Pricing will move away from hourly billing — 4%
  • Not much will change fundamentally — 4%

A third of respondents expect compliance work to be fully automated by 2030.
Only 4% think not much will change.

What skills will matter most as AI advances? (Select up to 3.)

Full Base

Critical thinking & judgment
70%
Advisory & client relationships
66%
Data analysis & interpretation
38%
Technology / AI fluency
34%
Ethics & risk management
33%
Communication & storytelling
21%
Leadership & change management
10%
Industry / niche specialization
10%

With respect to the skills that will matter most in the AI era, critical thinking and client relationships beat AI fluency roughly 2:1.

The consensus: Judgment, not technical skill, will be the biggest professional differentiator as we move deeper into the AI future. (And remember, 90% of respondents also told us human judgment matters more, not less, in the age of AI.)

It all comes down to automating the pure production work, but keeping a strong human grip on all the things a machine can’t be held accountable for.

The TL;DR

Out of 486 bookkeeping and accounting professionals who completed the survey:

  • 95% are on the AI adoption curve, but only 11% are “running” with it across the entire firm.
  • Only 1 in 5 can point to measurable ROI. Half say it’s promising but hard to quantify.
  • 87% of firms using AI have no written AI policy. Nearly a quarter have no plans to create one.
  • The top 3 most common uses are email drafting, document summarization, and research. Bank reconciliation and tax prep are the least-reported uses.
  • 90% say human judgment matters more, not less in the AI era—the most agreed-upon statement in the entire survey.
  • Only 19% trust AI enough to use it with limited review.
  • Only 18% say clients expect them to use AI, but more than half say firm usage is being driven by top-down pressure from leadership.
  • Time is the biggest AI adoption barrier, with 41% of the vote (more than double the next answer). Unclear ROI ranks last, at 2%.
  • Firms running AI firm-wide are more than 15x more likely to report clear ROI than firms where only a few people dabble.

Contrary to assumption, small firms aren’t avoiding AI out of reluctance or resistance. In fact, they’ve adopted AI faster than almost anyone predicted, mostly by their own initiative—without a budget, a mandate, or any other type of external influence.

But, while most firms aren’t AI-resistant, they also aren’t AI-proactive. Few have built the foundational structures, systems, and policies that lead to optimal AI use. In the years to come, that’s what will separate the “running” firms from those that are still “crawling.”

And wherever you are in your AI journey, Financial Cents will be here to support you every step of the way.

On average, firms save 56 hours per month & $19,200 every year with Financial Cents

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